The report used open-source imagery to confirm that debris found in Ukraine's Kharkiv region (pictured) in January this year is from a short-range ballistic missile made in North Korea
The report used open-source imagery to confirm that debris found in Ukraine's Kharkiv region (pictured) in January this year is from a short-range ballistic missile made in North Korea AFP

Russia is using North Korean ballistic missiles in Ukraine, a new Pentagon report says, citing debris analysis to confirm long-standing allegations that Pyongyang has been sending weapons to Moscow.

The report by the Pentagon's Defense Intelligence Agency used open-source imagery to confirm that debris found in Ukraine's Kharkiv region in January this year is from a short-range ballistic missile made in North Korea.

"Analysis confirms that Russia used ballistic missiles produced in North Korea in its war against Ukraine," the DIA said in a statement released with the report on Wednesday.

"North Korean missile debris was found throughout Ukraine," it added.

South Korea accuses Pyongyang of sending thousands of containers of munitions to Russia, which would violate rafts of United Nations sanctions on both countries.

The powerful sister of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un this month denied the allegations that Pyongyang is shipping weapons to Russia, calling the claim "absurd".

Pyongyang has "no intention to export our military technical capabilities to any country," Kim Yo Jong said.

But experts maintain that a recent testing spree -- which has seen the North repeatedly fire off rockets, cruise and ballistic missiles -- may be of weapons destined for use on battlefields in Ukraine.

The DIA report compares images in North Korean state media to other photographs showing missile debris in Ukraine's Kharkiv region in January.

The photos featured in the report were released by North Korea and show Kim visiting military factories in August last year to inspect the country's tactical missiles and launch vehicles, said Hong Min, a senior analyst at the Korea Institute for National Unification in Seoul.

"They appear to provide clear evidence that these were used in the attack on Ukraine, and clearly demonstrate that the recent statement by Kim Yo Jong denying Russian arms transfer is blatantly false," Hong told AFP.

North Korea's testing spree, which includes showing off the large-scale production and operational capabilities of its weaponry, "seems to be part of efforts to supply additional weapons to Russia ahead of President (Vladimir) Putin's visit to North Korea," he added.

South Korea's defence ministry told AFP it has no comment to give on the report.

Soo Kim, a former CIA analyst, told AFP the fact Russia was using North Korean missiles was not a surprise.

"What's concerning, though, is the ongoing and uninhibited cooperation between the two nations," said Kim, who currently works in policy for LMI Consulting.

"As time passes and as the conflict unravels, the depth of cooperation is bound to become more extensive and diversified."

Pyongyang and Russia have moved to boost ties in recent months.

Kim Jong Un visited Russia last year for a summit with Putin to cement the deepening ties, in a rare foreign trip for the reclusive North Korean leader.

The Kremlin told Russian media this month that a return visit by Putin to North Korea was "being prepared".

Putin last visited Pyongyang in 2000, just months after entering the Kremlin, for a meeting with Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Un's father and predecessor.

North Korea is barred by UN sanctions from any tests using ballistic technology.

But Moscow used its UN Security Council veto in March to effectively end UN monitoring of violations, for which Pyongyang has specifically thanked Russia.