Liberian Warlord's Trial Set To Conclude In Switzerland

The appeal hearings of a former Liberian rebel commander convicted of war crimes were set to conclude on Friday in a trial that was broadened in its final stages to include crimes against humanity for the first time in Switzerland.

Alieu Kosiah, who fought in the 1990s against then-President Charles Taylor's army, was sentenced to 20 years in prison in June 2021 for rape, murder and cannibalism in the West African country's first war crimes trial.

During the three weeks of appeal hearings at the Federal Criminal Court in Bellinzona, the defendant sought to overturn the lower court's ruling, arguing at length that he was not present when the crimes were committed. Kosiah's lawyer denied the charges and said he was a minor when first recruited.

But lawyers for the plaintiffs said Kosiah's actions were "widespread and systematic" against a civilian population.

"We feel strongly that these crimes are the epitome of crimes against humanity," said Alain Werner, a Swiss lawyer and director of Civitas Maxima, an NGO that represents war crimes victims and is acting on behalf of some of the plaintiffs.

A verdict by the three-judge panel is expected within months. If Kosiah is found guilty of crimes against humanity, this could extend his sentence to life.

The hearings were often laden with emotion, with some Liberian witnesses and victims confronting Kosiah for the first time since the country's civil wars. They all asked for anonymity because of the risk of reprisals back home where former warlords still hold prominent roles.

In one poignant moment, a former child soldier under Kosiah acknowledged him with a military salute in the court room and then broke down and was too upset to testify.

In another, a witness who had been held as a sex slave by a soldier described how Kosiah had stabbed one of the Liberian plaintiffs present in the back. "Many people in the courtroom were crying. It was very emotional, even 30 years later," said Zena Wakim, one of the prosecution lawyers.

No trials have taken place in Liberia for its back-to-back civil wars between 1989 and 2003 that became infamous for their brutality and degradation, with marauding child soldiers and combatants high on drugs.

In an indication of the importance of the trial to the Liberian plaintiffs, one of them who says she was raped by Kosiah, named a recently born baby "Justice".

"I want him in jail," she told Reuters on the opening day of the appeal trial on Jan. 11.